IPM

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1. IPM

Integrated Pest Management (IPM) is an eco-friendly, systematic approach to managing pests (insects, weeds, diseases, rodents, etc.) that combines multiple strategies — biological, cultural, mechanical, and chemical — to minimize risks to people, property, and the environment.
It focuses on prevention first, using chemicals only as a last resort.

2. Process / Steps in IPM

1. Pest Identification
Accurately identify the pest species (misidentification can lead to wrong control methods).
Determine if the pest is harmful enough to require action.
2. Monitoring and Record Keeping
Regularly observe crops, plants, or facilities to track pest levels.
Use traps, visual inspections, or other tools to detect early signs.
3. Setting Action Thresholds
Decide the tolerance level for pests — the point at which their presence causes unacceptable harm.
If pest populations stay below this threshold, control measures may not be needed.
4. Choosing Control Methods (in order of preference)
Cultural controls: Crop rotation, sanitation, resistant varieties.
Biological controls: Natural predators, parasites, beneficial insects.
Mechanical/physical controls: Traps, barriers, handpicking.
Chemical controls: Pesticides, but only when other measures are insufficient.
5. Evaluation and Adjustment
After control measures, monitor results.
Adjust strategies for better long-term prevention.

3. Benefits of IPM

Environmental Protection – Reduces reliance on harmful pesticides, protecting soil, water, and non-target species.
Human & Animal Safety – Minimizes exposure to toxic chemicals.
Cost-Effective – Prevents unnecessary spraying, saving money on inputs.
Sustainable Agriculture – Maintains biodiversity and natural pest control agents.
Delays Pest Resistance – Reduces chances of pests adapting to chemicals.
Improved Crop Yield & Quality – Keeps pest damage within acceptable limits.

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