Black mustard seeds are small, round seeds harvested from the Brassica nigra plant, native to temperate regions of Europe, Africa, and parts of Asia. These seeds are darker and smaller than their yellow and brown counterparts, offering a more intense flavor profile. Their pungent, sharp, and slightly bitter taste becomes more nuanced when cooked, especially when tempered in hot oil.
Yellow mustard seeds, also known as white mustard seeds, are small, round seeds harvested from the Sinapis alba plant. Native to Europe and parts of Asia, these seeds are characterized by their pale yellow to off-white color and are milder in flavor compared to their black and brown counterparts. Their subtle heat and slightly bitter taste become more pronounced when ground and combined with liquids.